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Agriculture in Punjab Punjab is one of the smallest states of India representing 1.6 per cent of its geographical area and 2.6 per cent of it's cropped area. Punjab's geology has a far reaching impact on its economy. The plain of Punjab was formed by the deposition of alluvium. It has deep and fertile soils. From geological and physiographic points Punjab is divisible into two regions: the hill region and the plain region. The hill region is very small and includes Shivalik Hills on the eastern side, moves through Hoshiarpur district toward west. More than 90 per cent of Punjab's area is a flat plain and is a segment of Indo-Gangetic plain. A very high proportion of the land is under cultivation because the Punjab plain is free from physical handicaps and deficiency of rainfall has been made up by irrigation facilities. It is only the districts of Ropar and Hoshiarpur that the cultivated area is less than 60 per cent of the total. It is in these districts that considerable land is covered by Shivalik Hills and the beds of seasonal streams that cannot be brought under cultivation. Wheat, Maize, Rice and Bajra are the important cereals of the state. Wheat dominates the production amoung overall crop pattern . The distribution of rice and bajra is localized. Rice is an important crop in Gurdaspur,Amritsar and Kapurthala districts . Cotton leads the production of cash crops of the state. Groundnut, Sugarcane and Potatoes being other crops . Punjab tops the production of Wheat in the country. It produces over 2 million tonnes of wheat every year. The impact of the Green Revolution is perhaps most affected the state of Punjab .This has made the country self sufficient in the food needs, overcoming the dangerous situation of early sixties, when we had to import food grains. The state of Punjab has built up a system of services to support agricultural development. Briefly, these are the departments of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry, the Punjab Agriculture University which provides a base for education, research and extension; and the Cooperative Department which provides credit to the farmers. The university situated in Ludhiana, has brought about a real revolution in farming techniques and has contributed to increased agriculture production and improvement of the cultivators' economic status. This institution has developed high yielding varieties of wheat, rice, bajra and other crops which has spearheaded Punjab to make the state and the country self sufficient for many key crops. Source: 1upTravel |
