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Garma
Garam More |
A Saga of Sacrifice & Struggle |
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Freedom Fighters From Pakistan
The text in this document comes from "From 50 years, Golden Jubilee, Pakistan Resolution 1940-90" by Pakistan International Airline (PIA). The list in this document is by no means a complete list. There are a number of other freedom fighters who laid their lifes for the cause of a separte homeland for the Muslims of Sub-continent. This document gives briefs about the following Freedom Fighters: Maulana Zafar Ali Khan Writer, poet, and journalist Zafar Ali Khan was born at Kot Mehrath, District Sialkot [Punjab]. He received his early education in Mission High School, Wazirabad; then he went to Aligarh[ Muslim University] from where he graduated. After graduation he was appointed secretary to Navab Mohsin-ul-Mulk who was then in Bombay. Then he worked for some time as a translator in Hyderabad Deccan, rising to the post of Secretary, Home Department. He returned from Hyderabad[ Deccan] and launched his daily "Zamindar" from Lahore which was founded by his father Maulvi Sirajuddin Ahmad. Most of Maulana's life was spent in politics. HE was a great poet, an orator, an essayist of exceptional merit and a journalist. His interest in poetry began in his childhood and his poems were full of religious and political sentiments. He was specially versed in impromptu compositions. His poetical output has been published in "Baharistan", "Nigaristan", and "Chamanistan". His other works are "Marka-e-Mazhab-o-Science", "Ghalba-e-Rum", "Sayr-e-Zulmet" and an opera "Jang-e-Roos-o-Japan". He was a devotee of Islam and of the Holy Eternally blessed Prophet (P.B.U.H.). His mortal remains lie in Karamabad( Wazirabad). Chaudhry Khaliquzzaman He belonged to a landowning family of Avadh( Avadh+Agra = U.P.), and was educated at Lucknow University. He became a very active worker in the Khilafat Movement, was associated with the Congress( party) for some time, then left it to join the Muslim League. leading the Muslim League members in the legislative assembly in U.P. In 1946 he was elected on the Muslim League ticket to the Indian constituent Assembly. After independence he led the Muslim League members in the Indian Constituent Assembly. He migrated to Pakistan in November 1947 and was appointed organizer of the Pakistan Muslim League in 1948 rising to become the president of the party in 1949. However, he resigned after a year. He was the Governor of East Pakistan from April 1953 to April 1954 and later served as ambassador to Indonesia. Chaudhry Sahib's memoirs "Pathway to Pakistan" are a treasure house of information on the freedom movement. Nawab Viqar-ul-Mulk Navab Viqar-ul-Mulk was born in 1841 in Moradabad[ now in U.P. India]. Like Sir Syed and Mohsin-ul-Mulk he too attained a high status in life by dint of sheer personal ability and hard work. Sir Syed and Mohsin-ul-Mulk let the education movement of the Muslims, and Viqar-ul-Mulk added a political dimension to it. He agreed with the political ideas of Sir Syed and Mohsin-ul-Mulk. He felt the need for a seperate political platform as well as a seperate political party for the muslims and persistently worked towards this goal. At last in 1906, The Muslim League was founded and he became its joint Secretary. The annulment of the partition of Bengal led to his disillusionment with the British and he wrote his famous article "Musalmano'n kaa Ayendah Laiha-e-Amal"( The future course of action for the Muslims) and published it in the Aligarh Institute Gazette as a public expression of his anti-British stance. It would not be wrong to say that the Muslims subsequently followed the path pointed out by him. Navab Viqar-ul-Mulk died on January 27, 1917. Sir Syed Ahmad Khan Syed Ahmad Khan was born on October 17, 1817. His early education followed the traditional pattern. In February 1838, he was appointed Naib Munshi in the office of the Divisional Commisioner of Agra, and in 1846 was promoted to munsif. His famous work "Asarus Sanadeed" was published in 1855. After the war of Independence of 1857, he wrote a pamphelet "Hindustan ke Wafadar Musalman" In 1859, Sir Syed established a school in Murshidabad for Muslim children. During this period he published "Asbab-e-Baghavat-e-Hind", "Ahkam-e-taam-ahle-kitab" as well as several pamphlets to disseminate his ideas on education. In 1864, he founded a school in Ghazipur where Muslim children were taught English in addition to the oriental languages. He established the Scientific Society to create in the Muslims the urge to acquire modern knowledge. In 1864, Sir Syed was transferred to Aligarh and the office of the Scientific Society too was consequently relocated. In Aligarh, he began to publish the Scientific Society Magazine which was later renamed Aligarh Institute Gazette. Sir Syed went to England in 1869 where he lived for some time and worked on his famous rejoinder to Thomas More published as "Ummahat-ul-Ummah". Upon his return he began to campaign for a Muslim University. He also assisted in the work of the Hunter Commission on Education and was successful in having his education policy for Muslims accepted. The greatest achievement of Sir Syed Khan was the establishment of Aligarh Muhammadan Anglo-Oriental College in 1898 which subsequently developed into Aligarh Muslim University in 1920. This great leader of Muslims, after developing his whole life to the service of Muslims, died on March 27, 1898 and was buried beside the mosque in the great seat of learning he founded. Navab Saleemullah of Dacca( Dhaka) The partition of Bengal and the creation of a new--predominantly Muslim--province of Eastern Bengal during the viceroyalty of Lord Curzon is a watershed in the history of the Subcontinent; it was the harbinger of a new and dynamic political awakening of the Muslims which pivoted on Navab Sir Saleemullah, the Navab of Dacca. Navab Saleemullah was born in 1884 at Dacca. His grandfather Sir Abdul Ghani and father Sir Ahsanullah spent huge sums on the development of Dacca. On October 16, 1905, when the province of Bengal was partitioned, Navab Saleemullah spoke at the Munshigunj. The partition, he said, "had put an end to the inaction of the Muslims and diverted them towards action". He and his friends established a Muhammadan Provincial Union to politically organize the Muslims and to promote their interests in the socio-economic field. When the Simla delegation called upon the Viceroy, he could not join it due to illness, but he invited Navab Mohsin-ul-Mulk to hold the next session of the All-India Muslim Educational Conference at Dacca, which was done in 1906. Before this conference Bengali Muslims were not associated with the Aligarh Movement; now with the Aligarh Movement reaching out to Dacca, the history of the subcontinent was changed for good. On December 30, 1906, when the All-India Muslim Educational Conference had ended in Dacca, the Muslim leaders met under the presidentship of Navab Viqar-ul-Mulk. In this meeting Navab Sir Saleemullah explained his scheme and presented his epoch-making resolution which was seconded by Hakim Ajmal Khan [ of Dehli] and supported among others, by Maulana Muhammad Ali [Jauhar] and Maulana Zafar Ali Khan [Zamindar newspaper fame]. According to the resolution the new political party was named the All-India Muslim League. Subsequently Navab Saleemullah toured the entire province and addressed meetings to organize the Muslims of Bengal. He became the secretary of the provincial Muslim League, East Bengal. In 1908 he presided over the annual session of the All India Muslim Educational Conference at Amritsar [Punjab]. His last days were very sad and tragic. He was deeply shocked by the annulment of the partition of BEngal in 1912. He presided over the Muslim League session at Calcutta on March 3, 1912 which was his last political appearance. His son's death broke his heart and he died on January 16, 1915. Chaudhry Rahmat Ali The man who gave Pakistan its name was born in a village of Hoshiarpur district of Punjab. He matriculated from Jalandhar and graduated in 1919 from Islamia College, Lahore. In 1930 he left for England for higher studies in Law. He subsequently lived in England and died there. Chaudhry Rahmat Ali was the man who gave Pakistan its name in a booklet "Now or Never" which he wrote and published on January 28, 1933. 'P' of Punjab, "A" of Afghani border(i.e. N.W.F.P.), 'K' of Kashmir, 'S' of Sindh, and 'tan' of Baluchistan were put together to name the still-to-be-created homeland of the Indian Muslims. this name soon caught the imagination of the multitudes and even the foreign newspapers began to call the proposed country by this name. Chaudhry Rahmat Ali came to Pakistan on a short visit and then went back to England. He died at Cambridge in February 1951. Source: chakdephate.com
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