rkfJsqh ueotosh ;ghtkeL g{optkd d/ gq;zr ftu
vkH tBhsk

nwohek ftZu tZ;d/ fiBQK fuzseK dk fgSb/ tfoQnK ftZu tZX uouk T[Gfonk j?, T[BQK ftZu Gkos dh izwgb rkfJsqh ueotosh fJe j?. T[j pj[s d/o s'I fuzsB d/ ]/so ftZu ezw eo ojh j? go j[D id'I T[`so-p;shtkd (Post Colonialism) pko/ tkd-fttkd ;kjwD/ nkfJnk j?, sK T[;dk BK f}nkdk T[Gfonk j?, s/ gzikph ftu T[; ~ ni/ gzikph okjhI pj[sk BjhI ikfDnk frnk. w?I fJj gfjbk :sB eo ojh jK.w?I T[; dk fJj wjZst th ;wMdh jK fe T[;dh uVQs Bkb J/Fhnk iK g{op d/ fuzse fuzsB dh w[Zy Xkok ftZu frD/ ikD bZr/ jB s/ e[M nfijhnK rZbK jB, fiBQK ftu T[jBK ~ gfjb fdZsh ik ojh j?. rkfJsqh ueo'tosh ;ghtke nfijh jh fuzsek j?.

rkfJsqh ueo'tosh dk iBw ebeZs/ ftu 24 cotoh,1942 ~ j'fJnk ;h. T[;d/ wkg/ wZXFq/fDe fgS'eV Bkb ;zpzfXs ;B. ebeZs/ ftZu fJj nkfynk iKdk j? fe tzv s'I fgS'I i' ghVQh fuzseK dh ;kjwD/ nkJh j?, rkfJsqh T[jBK #u'I fJe j?. ebeZsk :{Bhtof;Nh ftu jh nzro/}h nkBo} eoB s'I pknd T[j 1959 ftu pkjo ubh rJh. T[; ~ nwohek ikD bJh g?;/ T[Xko b?D/ gJ/. T[j nwohek pko/ iK T[E'I dhnK :{Bhtof;NhnK pko/ pj[sk BjhI ;h ikDdh. T[j fJ; sbkF ftu ;h fe fijVh :{Bhtof;Nh T[; ~ gVQB bJh t}h\k d/t/, T[j T[`E/ jh dk]b j' ikt/. fJ;/ bJh T[j @ekoBb :{Bhtof;Nh# (Cornell University) ftu s[bBkswe ;kfjs dh ftfdnkoEh pD rJh. n?wHJ/, ghHn?uHvh eoB s'I pknd T[; B/ nzro/}h eth :hN; (Yeats) s/ ezw ehsk. T[; dk fBrokB T[; ;w/I dk uofus fuzse gkbHvhHwkB (Paul de Man) ;h. T[; B/ gkb vh wkB s'I pj[s e[M f;Zfynk. T[; B/ gfjbK-gfjb d?ohdk iK ;zouBktkd d/ tkd-fttkd pko/ BjhI ;h ;[fDnk j'fJnk. 1965 ftZu T[j nkfJUtk (Iowa) ftu gVQkT[D bZrh, T[; tes sZe T[;B/ d?ohdk pko/ BjhI ;h ;[fDnk j'fJnk. 1966 ftu id'I T[E/ ;zouBktkd pko/ ekB\oz; j'Jh, T[; tes T[;dk fXnkB d?ohdk dh nkc rqkwN'b'ih tZb frnk s/ 1967 s'I fgS'I T[;B/ T[;dk nzro/}h ftu nB[tkd eoBk F[o{ ehsk, fi; s'I T[; dk okj jh pdb frnk. fJjh toQk ;h id'I T[; B/ ;ghtke (nwoheB) Bkb ftnkj th ehsk s/ sbke th fbnk. rkfJsqh B/ i' @nkc rqkwN'b'ih# dk nB[tkd ehsk, T[; pko/ d' rZbK ;kjwD/ nkJhnK. e[M gkmeK B/ sK fJj nkfynk fe fJ; g[;se dh G{fwek i' rkfJsqh ueo'tosh B/ fbyh j?, T[j ewkb j?. fJ; g[;se B/ d?ohdk ~ ;kjwD/ b? nkT[Idk. d{;ok ftuko fJj ;kjwD/ nkfJnk fe @fJj nB[tkd pj[s ifNb j? ns/ gfVQnk BjhI ik ;edk. jK fJzBk jh j? fe d?ohdk ~ j'o fdbu;gh Bkb gVQB ~ ihn eodk j?.

rkfJsqh ueo'tosh B/ fJ; s'I fgS'I T[BQK ;ko/ ftfFnK pko/ ezw ehsk j?, fiBQK pko/ pfj;K ;orow ;B fit/I wkoe;tkd, Bkohtkd iK T[`so-p;shtkd. fJ; d/ Bkb Bkb rkfJsqh ;ghtke B/ J/FhnkJh b/fyek d/ s"o #s/ Gkos d/ eJh b/yeK ~ ;kjwD/ fbnkT[Idk j?, fiBQK pko/ ftFt gZXo s/ eJh ekoBK eoe/ rZb ehsh ik ;edh j?. T[; B/ ;G s'I tZX rZb pzrkbh b/fyek wjkFt/sk d/th dh ehsh j?. T[; ~ nzro/}h ftu nB[tkd th ehsk j? ns/ BthnK g[;seK ftZu j'o g{oph fuzseK ns/ b/yeK dk s[bBkswe-nfXn?B nkw jh ehsk j?.

rkfJsqh ;ghtke fiBQK y/soK Bkb ;zpzfXs ojh j?, T[j T[; dhnK gfjbhnK uko g[;seK Bkb jh ;kjwD/ nk rJ/ ;h, fi; Bkb T[;dh nktk} T[`Go nkJh ;h. 1976 ftu T[; B/ d?ohdk dh nkcrqkwN'b'ih dk nB[tkd gqekfFs ehsk, fi; Bkb vhezB;NqeFB pko/ d?ohdk ns/ rkfJsqh d/ nkgD/ ftuko ;kjwD/ nkJ/. 1983 ftu T[; dh fb]s fv;gb/;w?IN n?Iv dk fv;e'o; nkc t[w?B ;kjwD/ nkJh, i' fJe ;zgkds ehsh j'Jh g[;se ;h. fJ; Bkb T[; dk Bkohtkdh fdqFNhe'D ;gFN j' frnk. 1987 ftu T[; dh uofus g[;se fJB ndo tobv ;kjwD/ nkJh, fi; ftu ;fGnkukoe okiBhsh T[go fBpzX jB. 1988 ftu T[;dh fb]s @e?B dk ;pkbNoB ;ghe<# nkJh, fi; ftu T[;dk wkoe;tkdh fdqFNhe'D T[Go e/ ;kjwD/ nkfJnk. 1988 ftZu jh T[; B/ f;b?efNv ;pkbNoB ;NZvh} oDihs r[jk Bkb ob e/ ;kjwD/ fbnKdh ns/ 1990 ftu T[; dh ;zgkd ehsh g[;se dk g';N eb'Bhnb feqfNe ;kjwD/ nkJh, fi; ftu tX/o/ fJzNoftT{nK tZb fXnkB fdZsk frnk, go fJ; g[;se B/ fJj ;gFN eo fdZsk fe fgSb/ d;K ;kbK s'I T[;dk pj[sk fXnkB T[`so-p;shtkdh ;wZf;nktK s/ fuzsB tb j?. 1993 ftu T[;B/ fJe j'o g[;se nkT{N;kJhv fJB dk Nhfuzr wFhB Skgh, go T[; dh 1999 ftu gqekfFs j'Jh g[;se fJ; t/b/ fuzseK ftu ;G s'I tZX uouk dk ekoB pDh j'Jh j?. fJ; g[;se dk BK j?-- J/ eqhNhe nkc g';N ekb'Bhnb oh}B, N[tov J/ fj;Noh nkc dk t?fBfFzr gq?}?IN fi; ftu T[; B/ doFB, fJfsjk;, ;kfjs, ;fGnkuko dk T[`so-p;shtkdh fdqFNh s'I ikfJ}k fbnk j?. T[`so p;shtkd ~ ;gFN eoB d/ Bkb Bkb T[;B/ wkoe;tkd, Bkohtkd ns/ T[`so-p;shtkd dk g{oph fdqFNhe'D ;kjwD/ oZyfdnK nkgDk ftuko gqpzX pDk fbnk j?, ns/ gZSwh fuzsB Bkb eJh EK ;ztkd oukfJnk j?. T[;d/ fJj ;ztkd eJh EK pV/ fsZy/ ns/ p/fbjk} jB, fiBQK dk n;hI nr/o/ ik e/ f}eo eoKr/.

rkfJsqh ;ghtke B/ F[o{ s'I b? e/ j[D sZe fiBQK ftfFnK ~ S'fjnk j?, T[BQK ftu ;G s'I nfjw j? @vhezB;NqeFB# fJ;~ d' o{gK ftu T[;B/ S'fjnk j? feT[Ife T[;B/ ;G s'I gfjbK d?ohdk dh nkc rqkw'N'b'ih dk nB[tkd ehsk. fJ; bJh T[; B/ vhezB;NqeFB ~ pko-pko uouk ftu fbnKdk. d{;ok T[;B/ nkgDhnK fbysK ftu vhezB;NqeFB ~ nkg fJe ftXh pDkfJnk j?. fpbe[b T[; soQK BjhI fi; soqK vhezB;NqeFB dk ;zebg gfjbK w"i{d j?, ;r'I T[; B/ fJ; ~ g[Bo gfoGkFs ehsk j?. T[; dk ftuko j? fe d?ohdk d/ vhezB;NqeFB d/ ftukoK s/ T[;d/ nbihohnB :j{dh Skg j? s/ T[j ftFt d/ ;zxoFK ~ ;wkB: o{g ftu BjhI b?Idk. T[j gZSw doFB ~ vhezB;NqeN eodk s/ T[;d/ nzdob/ gki y'bQdk j?. rkfJsqh B/ d?ohdk dh fi; rZb T[s/ }'o fdZsk ;h, T[; pko/ g[;se---J/ ohvo} rkJhv N{ ezBN?Igo/oh c?fwfB;N fbNo/oh fET{oh ftu fbfynk j?--

Derrida focuses on Roussean and examines the violent hierarchies of 'nature/culture' and 'speech/writing' in Rousseau's work. Derrida gives the term 'logocentrism' to western philosophy's elision of meaning with words (or logos) along with its logocentrism. Derrida attacks two other features of western philosophy; its phallocentrism, or belief in unitary male values and its dualism or belief in binary oppositions. Derrida developed a practice of close reading looking at key metaphors and words, often called copulae, such as 'difference' and 'woman' which enable texts to operate meaning."¹

rkfJsqh fJ; vhezB;NqeFB #u'I d' rZbK tZb tX/o/ fXnkB d/ ojh ;h. d?ohdk gZSw d/ cb;c/ ~ T[;/ soQK ;theko BjhI ;h eo fojk fit/I pkeh gZSw ns/ d{;ok d?ohdk B/ Bkoh iK nzso (Woman/diffrance) dk i' ;zebg pDkfJnk T[; B/ rkfJsqh ~ j'o tZX Bkohtkd tZb o[fus ehsk.

rkfJsqh ;ghtke ~ fJ; ;w/I gqw[Zy Bkohtkdh fuzsektK u'I jh frfDnk iKdk j? Gkt/I T[j doFB pko/ fby ojh j't/, ;fGnkuko pko/, ;kfjs pko/ iK fJfsjk; pko/, fJj fdqFNhe'D T[;d/ ;kjt/I ofjzdk j?. go fJj fdqFNhe'D f;ZX/ ;kd/ o{g ftu Bkoh dhnK e'Jh ;wZf;nktK pko/ BjhI, fi;~ d?ohdk B/ fvcoK; nkfynk ;h. T[j rZb T[;d/ f}nkdk fXnkB ftu ofjzdh j?, Bkoh, doFB, ;fGnkuko, ;kfjs nkfd ftu i' fJe ;wkBKsosk gqdkB eodh j? iK u/sBk dk fJe tZyok ;z;ko f;oidh j?, fi; ftu wod tkbk jkewkBk bfj}k iK T[j e[M BjhI j[zdk fijVk T[;~ nfijh ;w[Zuh ;'u Bkb ;zpzfXs eodk j?. rkfJsqh B/ nkgDh g[;se fJB ndo tobv} ftu fJ; fdqFNh s'I pj[s ;ko/ fBpzX fby/. @dKs/ s/ :hN;# ~ Bkohtkdh fdqFNh s'I gfVQnk. fJ;/ soQK @Bkohtkd s/ nkb'uBkswe f;XKs# pko/ fbfynk. co?Iu Bkohtkd pko/ nzso-okFNoh uouk feT[I j' fojk j? fJ; pko/ fbfynk ns/ nkgDk wFj{o b/y @J/ fbNo/oh ohfgq}?IN/FB nkc dk ;pkbNoB# fbfynk, fi; ftu shi/ ;z;ko dh fdqFNh s'I T[;B/ Bkoh ofus ;kfjs dk ftFb/FD ehsk.

rkfJsqh ;ghtke doFB, ;kfjs, fJfsjk; s/ ;fGnkuko dk nfXn?B eofdnK nkgD/ fdqFNhe'D ~ Bkohtkdh fdqFNh Bkb fet/I ;zpzfXs eodh j?. fJ; dk gsk T[;dh g[;se J/ eqhNhe nkc g';N ekb'Bhnb oh}B d/ fBpzXK s'I th bZrdk j?. T[j fJfsjk; #s/ ftuko eofdnK fJ; rZb #s/ ftuko eodh j? fe ;fji/ jh n;hI xoK ftu e[VhnK d/ BK d[ork iK j'o nfij/ g"okD #u'I feT[I oZyd/ jK< ;sh, dq'gdh fJBQK Bkb ;kv/ fe; fe;w d/ ftuko ;zpzfXs jB s/ fJj ;kv/ ;fGnkuko s/ ;kfjs ftu fet/I Ybd/ jB.

rkfJsqh B/ nkgD/ nfXn?B s/ ftFb/FD ftu fiE/ gZSwh N?e;N ~ fbnk j? T[E/ Bkb-Bkb jh g{op dh N?e;N ~ th fbnk j?. T[j n?vtov ;Jhd tKr g{op iK Uohn?IN ~ tZy s/ fJe BtK wjZst gqdkB eodh j?. T[dkjoB d/ s"o #s/ J/ eqhNhe nkc dk g';N ekb'Bhnb oh}B ftu T[j rhsk s/ jhrb d/ nzso ~ fXnkB #u oZyfdnK T[jBK ~ Bkb'-Bkb gVQdh j? fit/IL-

Through this crudely dialectical reading of a moment in the Gita, I have attempted to deconstruct Hegel's graphic self-differentiation from the subject in finding (one stage of the unconscious symbolic). I have attempted to show that "Hegel" and the "Gita" can be read as two rather different versions of the manipulation of the question of history in a political interest, for the apparent disclosure of the law."²

rkfJsqh ;ghtke B/ Gkos d/ pj[s ;ko/ b/yeK ~ fJ; gZXo #s/ uouk ftu fbnKdk j?. T[;d/ wB ftu ;kfjs dk i' ;zebg pDdk j?, T[; gZXo dh b/fyek wjkFt/sk d/th j? fi; ~ T[;B/ nzro/}h ftu nB[tkd th ehsk j? ns/ T[; pko/ eJh tko fbfynk th j?. T[dkjoB d/ s"o #s/ fJB ndo tobv} ftu wjkFt/sk d/th dh dq'gdh pko/ s/ T[;dh fJe j'o ejkDh pko/ T[;B/ uouk ehsk ;h.

rkfJsqh ;ghtke B/ T[BQK rZbK dh ;odkoh BjhI wzBh, fiBQK T[s/ T[;d/ FpdK ftu @@nwoheh nekdwh irs B/ nkgDk ep}k iwkfJnk j'fJnk j? s/ ;w[Zu/ ;z;ko ~ fi; ftu T[j fJefjoh ftukoXkok Bkb t/yDk ukj[zd/ jB.##3 rkfJsqh T[s/ wkoe;h ftukoK dk v{zxk gqGkt j?, go fJj T[j g[okD/ wkoe;h ftuko BjhI. T[j y[ZbQ e/ T[BQK Bt/I wkoe;h fuzseK dk th ikfJ}k b?Idh j?, fiBQK B/ T[`so-nkX[fBesk sZe wkoe;h fdqFNhe'D s'I nwohek d/ fpoX g{zihtkd dk ftFb/FD ehsk j?. co?vfoe i/w;B d/ fto'XK ~ T[j T[;dh fbys ftu'I geVdh j? s/ fJT[I gZSw d/ toswkB fuzseK s'I T[j feE/ nzso ;Ekgs eodh j?- fJ; dk gqwkD T[j ;kjwD/ fbnkT[Idh j?.

rkfJsqh ;ghtke ~ T[`so-p;shtkdh (g';N-ekb'Bhnb) fuzsek nkfynk iKdk j?, feT[Ife T[; #s/ g{zihtkd d/ Bt/I p;shtkdh o{g ~ th ;gFN ehsk j? ns/ T[`so-p;shtkdh d"o ftu T[j d/F i' gfjbK |[bkw oj/ jB, T[BQK dh Fesh ns/ nkgDh nkgDh j;sh fJBQK rZbK tZb fXnkB fdZsk j?.

rkfJsqh ;ghtke B/ fJ; fdqFNh s'I j[D sZe fJzBk ft;Eko ftu fbfynk j? fe T[; pko/ w[ZYbh ikDekoh ftu wfj} e[M ;ze/s jh j' ;ed/ jB. T[; pko/ n;b uouk j[D F[o{ j' fojk j? s/ fJj ;gFN j? fe T[;~ ;wekbh tZv/ fuzseK ftu frfDnk ik fojk j?, fi; B/ g{op tZb ;ko/ fuzsB iK pfj; ~ w'fVnk j? s/ nwohek iK gZSw d/ nX{o/gB ~ ;gFN ehsk j?. fi; pko/ ft;fsqs uou/ ni/ ;kjwD/ nkT[D/ jB.

1. A Readers Guide to Contemporary Feminist Literary Criticism, (Post structuralism deconstruction Postmodernism), p-147

2. Gayatri Chakrovorty Spivak; A critique of Postcolonial Reason Toward 'A history of the vanishing present', seagull Books; p-58, Calcutta 1999

3. A critique of post colonial Reason; Gayatri Chakrovorty Spivak-1999, Seagull, Calcutta, p-313

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