brksko gfoGkFs g{optkd
vkH ;[fszdo f;zx B{o

Uohn?INfb}w (g{optkd) pko/ ni'e/ ;zdoG ftu uouk n?vtov ;Jhd dh g[;se
  Uohn?INfb}w d/ ;kjwD/ nkT[D Bkb 1978 ftu nkozG j'fJnk, s/ j[D sZe fJ; d/ noEK, gq;zr iK ;zdoG ftu eJh spdhbhnK tkgohnK. T[`so-p;shtkdh ekb, fi; ftu'I n;hI bzx oj/ jK, fJ; ftu fJ; d/ nkb/-d[nkb/ i' okiBhsh j?, T[;~ ;wM/ fpBK fJ; d/ ;kfjZse s/ ;fGnkukoe nkXkoK ~ BjhI ;wfMnk ik ;edk.

Fpd Uohn?INfb}w J/Fhnk iK g{op dk g?dk ehsk j'fJnk BjhI ;r'I gZSw dk g?dk ehsk j?. nkgD/ s'I fpBK d{ik ;z;ko (dh ndo) fi; Bkb T[;B/ gSfVnkgB, gqfsrwsk, tfjw-Gow, fBoh c?IN;h iK j'o nfijhnK rZbK dk ;z;ko, fi; d/ w[ekpb/ s/ gZSw B/ nkgD/-nkg ~ ;fGne eoko fdZsk j'fJnk j?, T[; @dh ndo# ~ fpBK ikD/-gSkD/ Uohn?IN dk BK fdZsk frnk. fJ; bJh Uohn?IN s/ g{op ftu n;b s"o s/ fJe fBy/V g?dk j' iKdk j? iK fJj efj ;ed/ jK fe ;k~ nfij/ d' FpdK dh b'V j? i' fJe sK n;b Uohn?IN iK g{op ~ g/F eo/ s/ fJe T[j fi; Bkb gZSw dk pDkfJnk ;zebg i[fVnk j'fJnk j? iK fJj fejk ik ;edk j? fe T[j Fpd Uohn?IN sK j? jh.

fi; ~ rkfJsqh ueo'tosh nwoheB-nekdwhnK efjzdh j?, T[; ftu fgSb/ tfoQnK ftZu nfij/ d' soQK d/ nekdfwe ftnesh ;kjwD/ nkJ/ jB, fiBQK B/ Uohn?INfb}w ~ ;gFN eoB tZb fXnkB fdZsk. go fJe fe;w T[jBK fuzseK dh j? fiBQK ~ nwoheh nekdwhnK nkgD/ nzdo ;w/N b?Idh j? s/ d{;oh T[j fuzse ;kjwD/ nkJ/ jB, fijV/ fJ; rZb tZb pj[s u/szB jB fe T[; GkFk ~ ;wMfdnK T[j nkgDh rZb ;[szso j' e/ efj ;eD. n?vtov ;Jhd dh g[;se ;kjwD/ nkT[D Bkb fJj i[onZs ;kjwD/ nkJh, go n?vtov ;Jhd dh fJj g[;se e[S rZbK eoe/ ;hfws ofjzdh j? ns/ Gkosh, ikgkBh s/ uhBh ;fGnkukoK dk f}eo eoB d/ pkti{d T[;dk Uohn?IN dk ;zebg 
tX/o/ fcfb;shB Bkb ;pzXs ofjzdk j? s/ T[j nwohek ftu ofjzfdnK fcfb;shBh ;[nkb ~ fJe Uohn?INb iK g{oph ;[nkb pDk e/ g/F eodk j? ns/ nwohek iK pkeh gZSw fJ; ~ fet/I BjhI ;wM fojk, fJj ;ko/ ;z;ko d/ ;kjwD/ Bzfrnk eodk j?. fi; Bkb T[j nwohek ns/ pkeh ;kwoki T[`s/ fJe ftnzr iK eNk]F ekfJw eo fdzdk j?. T[; d/ f]nkb nB[;ko fJ; ;zdoG s/ ;zebg ~ @nok\ks# th g{oh soQK BjhI ;wMdk.

fJT[I n?vtov ;Jhd T[; T[`so-p;shtkdh fuzsB dk wkj"b pDk fdzdk j?, fi; ftu rkfJsqh ;ghtke s/ j'o fuzse th Uohn?IN bJh p'b jh Bk ;eD ;r'I fJ; dh nkGk ~ ;theko eoe/ ;z;ko ~ fJj dZ; ;eD fe gZSw fi; ~ Uohn?INfb}w efj fojk j?, Uohn?IN fJj BjhI ns/ gqrsh ns/ gqfsrwsk, ;fGnkuko ns/ gSV/gB dh i' e?N/roh pDkJh rJh j?, T[j fJT[I g{op T[`s/ bkr{ BjhI j[zdh. Gkos, ikgkB, uhB s/ nop d/FK d/ ;fGnkuko tX/o/ g[okD/ ns/ fte;s ;fGnkuko jB. fJ; fwZE ~ ;zouBktkd s/ T[`so-;zouBktkd B/ th fwNkfJnk, ;r'I BtK fuzsB fi; ftu d?ohdk th Fkfwb j? ns/
 T[j fJT[I g{optkd d/ B/V/ nk iKdk j?, T[j T[; pkfJBoh ng'}hFB ~ th nkgD/ vhezB;NqeFB d/ f;XKs ftu fwNk fdzdk j?, fi; dk gZSw tfoQnK s'I ;zuko eodk nkfJnk j?.

fJT[I Uohn?IN (g{op) ~ T[;/ soQK gfoGkFs BjhI ehsk ik fojk, fi; soQK gfjbK ehsk iKdk ;h. T[dkjoB d/ s"o #s/ F/e;ghno, uk;o s/ j'o b/ye g{op ns/ n\ohek dk f}eo eo oj/ ;B iK d{i/ FpdK ftu @dh ndo# dk f}eo eo oj/ ;B, go fJ; ~ F?e;ghno nkgD/ BkNe ftu @e?bhpkB# d/ o{g ftu g/F eo fojk ;h, i' |[bkw j?, ekbk j? s/
 T[; ;G e[M dk gqshe j? i' gZSw B/ nwB[Zy Bkb i'fVnk j'fJnk ;h. fJjh BjhI ;r'I gZSw ftu g{op d/ g"okD ns/ pkeh ;kfjs ~ T[; ;kfjs tKr BjhI ;h fbnk ik fojk fi;~ gqrsh dk ;kfjs nkfynk ik fojk ;h, fi; ftu gb?N', no;s{ iK :{og d/ pkeh fcbk;co eKs, eq'u/ nkfd nkT[Id/ jB. fJjh ekoB j? fe nmQkothI ;dh d/ fJzrb?Iv ftu p[ZX dk f}eo eofdnK T[;~ @fteN'ohnB i?INbw?B# nkfynk frnk j?. fJ;/ soQK  T[`BhthI ;dh sZe :{og d/ ebkeko g{oph d/FK ~ @Jh;N nkZc :{og# efjzd/ nk oj/ jB s/ @Jh;N nkZc :{og# th T[BQK fJbkfenK ~ fi;~ j[D n;hI wZX...... g{op nkyd/ jK ns/ fi; #u pj[s/ T[`soh n\ohek d/ fyZs/ nkT[Id/ jB. fJj fdqFNh fJ; rZb u'I g?dk j'Jh j? fe gZSwh ;kwoki nkgDh fjZsK dh g{osh bJh ..... g{op d/ ;fGnkuko, fJfsjk;, ;fGnkuko, gozgok s/ ;wki dk frnkB ...
ukj[zdk ;h. fJBQK XoshnK e'b i' fJwkosebk, BkNeebk ns/ pkeh ftFkb b?Iv;e/g dk ;zebg ;h, T[jBK ~ ;wfMnk s/ tofsnk. s/ Bkb jh Uohn?IN ~ nkgDh p;sh pDkfJnk. s/ Bkb jh Uohn?IN dk noE fiBQK ;kjt/I ;Ekgs ehsk ik ;e/, T[j iwks g?dk ehsh, fijVh j[D th MZN jh T[; ;fGnkuko Bkb ik i[Vdh j?, fi; ~ n;hI T[`so-nkX[fBesktkdh nkyd/ jK iK fi; ftu Uohn?IN wB\h j[zdk j?. fJjh iwks p;shtkd ;w/I p[oi{nk iwks ejkJh. fJT[I fJ;  p[oi{nk ftukoXkok B/ Bt/ g{zihtkd ftu ftef;s j' e/ th efEs Bt/I ;fGnkuko Bkb ;pzXs j[zd/ th mhe o{g ftu BjhI ;wfMnk. Uohn?IN dk id'I n;hI j[D f}eo eod/ jK sK fJj tkd-fttkd T[; dh BthI gfoGkFk ftu Fkfwb ofjzdk j?. FkfJd fJ;/ bJh gfoGkFk d/ ]/so ftu ftuofdnK ni'e/ fuzseK B/ Uohn?INfb}w Bkb bZrd/ e[M tZyo/-tZyo/ FpdK tb fXnkB fdZsk j?. fit/I dh Uohn?IN- "The Orient signifies a system of representations framed by political forces that brought the orient into western learning" fJ;/ soQK Fpd dh Uohn?IN s'I Uohn?INfb}w, g{op s'I g{optkd ~ fBy/fVnk j?. @Orientalism is a manner of regularise (or orientalize) writing vision and study dominated by imparitives, perspectives and ideological biases ostensibly suited to the orient# Fpd @dh  Uohn?IN# Uohn?INfb}w d/ Bkb jh shik Fpd dh Uohn?INb ftF/FD d/ o{g ftu fit/I gqufbs ehsk frnk j?- "The oriental is the person represented by such thinking. The man is depicted as feminine weak yet strangely dangerous because poses a threat to white western woman. The women is both eager to be dominated and strikingly exotic."

gZSw B/ fi; ~ d{ik (dh ndo) nkfynk ns/ Uohn?INfb}w iK g{op Bkb i'fVnk- "Latent- Orientalism is the unconscious, untouchable certainly about what the orient is, its basic content is static and unanimous. The orient is seen as separate, eccentric, backward, silently different, sensual and passive. It has a tendency towards despotism and away from progress. it desplays feminine penetrability and supine malleability. Its progress and value are judged in terms of, and in comparison to, the west, so it is always the other, the conquerable, and the inferior."

fgS/ n;hI fJj f}eo eo nkJ/ jK fe nwohek ftu T[j g{optkdh fuzse i' nwohek s/ j'o gZSwh ftukoK ftu i}p j' iKd/ jB iK T[; nekdwhnK dk fjZ;k pD iKd/ jB, T[j g{op dh fJ; BthI vhp/N ftu Fkfwb BjhI j[zd/ ns/ i' T[; ftu i}p BjhI j[zd/
 T[j fJ; vhp/N ~ T[Gko oj/ jB. rkfJsqh ;ghtke, j'wh GkGk nkfd ~ fJ; pfj; d/
 w[Zy fuzseK ftu frfDnk ik ;edk j?, fiBQK B/ Uohn?IN ~ T[Gkfonk jh BjhI, gZSw d/ ftek; d/ w[ekpb/ fJ; d/ ;fGnkukoe, dkoFfBe ns/ ;kfjZse fpzp ~ ftFt gZXo s/
 T[;kfonk j?. fJjh ekoB j? fe eJh Gkosh b/yeK ~ ;z;ko d/ d{i/ b/yeK d/ ;kjt/I tfvnkfJnk jh BjhI ;r'I T[j g{oph ;z;ko ~ fet/I g/F eod/ jB, T[BQK dk ntu/sB fet/I g{op Bkb i[fVnk j'fJnk j?, fJ; tZb ftF/F fXnkB fdZsk j?.

fJT[I 1978 dk fJe ;wK T[j ;h id'I n?vtov ;Jhd B/ Uohn?INfb}w ~ e/tb nop iK fcb;shBh ;[nkb sZe ;hfws ofjD fdZsk ;h s/ j[D Gkosh iK j'o J/fFnkJh fuzseK B/ fJ;~ Bt/I gfoGkFs o{g ftu fJ; bJh ;kjwD/ fbnKdk j? feT[Ife fJj g{op dk :EkoE j?. fco th fJ; d/ fJe d' ftF/F gk;koK tZb fXnkB d/D dh b'V j?. fJj rZb n\rkfB;skB dh bVkJh B/ th ;kfps ehsh. ;z;ko ftu 40 w[;fbw ;N/NK jB ns/ fJBQK dk Uohn?INfb}w Bkb v{zxk ;zpzX j?. fJBQK ~ Bk jh fBo'b fcfb;shBh ;[nkb Bkb i'fVnk ik ;edk j? s/ Bk jh T[; g{optkd Bkb fi;~ ikgkB, uhB iK Gkos Bkb ;zpzXs ehsk ik fojk j?. fJ; dk Gkt fJj j? fe Uohn?INfb}w iK g{optkd fJe fJefjoh iK nfijh e?N/roh BjhI fi;~ fJe ftukoXkok Bkb ;zpzXs ehsk ik ;e/ ;r'I g{optkd pj[ftukoXkokJh j?. fJ;d/ w[ekpb/ #s/ id'I n;hI gZSw d/ o{g ~ fustd/ jK sK T[j fJe
  Bt-g{zihtkd iK Bt-;kwokitkd Bkb ;pzXs j'e/ th T[j fJefjok s/ fJeozrk j'D tb o[fus ofjzdk j?.g{optkd fiZE/ ebk, ;zrhs nkfd Bkb v{zxh soQK ebk;eh o{g ftu
 i[fVnk j'fJnk j?, T[`E/ gZSw nfijhnK e'wb ebktK d/ pkjob/-pkjob/ nkBzd Bkb tX/o/ i[Vdk j?. fJ;/ bJh g{oph ebk ftu rsh j'D d/ pkti{d fJe mfjokU th j?. go gZSw dh ebk ftu rsh jh rsh j? fJ; eoe/ ekjbgB j?, s/ i/ ebk dh fdqFNh s'I t/fynk ikt/ fe fe; e'b wkBth gqGkt tX/o/ j? < fJ; pko/ fBoDk eoB bZfrnK
 pj[sk ;wK BjhI bZrdk.

n;hI fiBQK fuzseK dk T[`go f}eo eo oj/ ;K T[jBK ftu fJe T[j fuzse th jB, fiBQK B/ Uohn?IN iK g{op pko/ fBoD/ fJ; ~ sh;o/ ;z;ko dh e?N/roh d/ s"o #s/ ehs/ jB. go fiBQK |ohp d/FK ~ sh;o/ ;z;ko d/ d/F nkfynk frnk j?, fJj ;ko/ d/ ;ko/ g{oph ;fGnkuko d/ d/F BjhI, fJBQK ftu bkshBh nwohek, n\ohek, nop s/ j'o d/F th nkT[Id/ jB. n}k} nfjwd sh;o/ ;z;ko dh e?N/roh ~ ;kjwD/ oZye/ g{optkd dk tX/o/ fBoBk eodk j?. gZSwtkd s/ g{optkd ~ fJT[I d/yDk s/ fBoD/ eoB/ T[; d"o ftu tX/o/ ;kjwD/ nkJ/ fi; t/b/ ebk;eh wkoe;tkd s'I rZbK ehshnK ik ojhnK ;B.
fJE'I fJj ;gFN j' iKdk j? fe Uohn?INfb}w iK g{optkd e'Jh nfijk ;zebg BjhI fi; ~ T[t/I ;theko eo fbnk ikt/ fit/I fJ;~ gZSw B/ tfoQnK s'I ;kv/ ;kjwD/ oZfynk s/ p;shtkdh d"o ftu fJ; dk fpzp y{p ftrkfVnk. T[`so-p;shtkdh d"o fi; ftu J/Fhnk d/ gZSw ftu ftuod/ fuzse th j[D uVQs s/ jB, T[j Uohn?INfb}w ~ nkgD/ mhe gfog/y ftu g/F eoB dk :sB eo oj/ jB.

go fJE/ jh ;kv/ #s/ fJe rzGho ;[nkb ehsk ik ;edk j?, fi; ~ ;[bMkJ/ s'I fpBK n;hI ;z;ko ftu g{optkd d/ mhe gfog/y ~ gfoGkFs BjhI eo ;ed/. fJe gk;/ n;hI ;z;ko ftu g{optkd dh gfowkfDesk f;ZX eo oj/ jK s/ d{i/ gk;/ d/F ftu wzdo pBkT[D dh f\oe{ f;nk;s r[ioks tor/ d[yKs ;kjwD/ fbnk ojh j?. nwohek d/ @ftFt f;js e/Ido# d/ d[yKs s/ r[ioks d/ d[yKs #u e'Jh nzso BjhI.
 fJT[I fJj fJe   w{e ;[nkb pfDnk j'fJnk j? fe ;kvh ;N/N fe; fe;w d/ g{optkd ftu :ehB oZydh j? < ntZF ;kvh  ;N/N T[; g{optkd ftu :ehB oZydh j? i' wB[Zy fto'Xh j? s/ fi; Bkb gZSw ~ fJe tko fco fJj efjD dk w"ek fwbdk j? fe g{optkd gqfsrkwh ns/ ftek; dk fto'Xh j?. ;kv/ fuzse nwoheh nekdwhnK d/ ;zeN d/ Bkb-Bkb fJ; ;zeN ~ fet/I ;[bMkT[Id/ jB, fJj ;[nkb rzGho o{g ftu ;kv/ ;kjwD/ j?.

gzikph ftGkr
fdZbh :{Bhtof;Nh, fdZbh-110 007