fJ; g/go d/ d' T[`d/F jBL gfjbk g{optkdh nksw d/ ;o'sK #s/ fdqFNh e/Ifdqs eoBk ns/ fJeZthI ;dh ftu fJ; f;XKs dhnK ;zGkth T[;ko{ fdFktK ~ sbkFDk. fJj th fejk ik ;edk j? fe w?I~ fJ; ftukoXkok d/ T[`EkB s'I gfjbK s/ pknd d/ ;w/I #u f}nkdk fdbu;gh j?. fJ; dk ekoD pVk ;XkoD j?- fe;/ th ;wkfie gogzu ~ ;wMD bJh T[;d/ w{b se ikDk }o{oh j[zd? ns/ w?I sK fJ; ftukoXkok dhnK ;zGkth GftZyw[yh fdFktK Bkb ;zpzfXs jK feT[Ife toswkB d/ ftFtheoD ns/ ;[zrV ojhnK G{r'fbe d{ohnK d/ :[Zr ftu fpBK nkgDhnK ;fGnkukoe ftfGzBsktK ~ sZfinK d{o d[w/bK d/ ;z:'iB dhnK ;zGktBktK ~ sbkFDk ;kv/ bJh }o{oh j?.
g{optkd Fpd d/ eJh noE jB, fijV/ g{op dh ftukoXkok d/ nfXn?B d/ ftnkfynkswe noEK s'I b? e/ g{op d/ f;XKs se c?b/ j'J/ jB. ;Jhd B/ g{optkd dh ftukoXkok s/ nkswk ns/ g{optkd d/ fJ; rb'p T[sb/ fe;/ xNBk-;EkB d/ G{r'fbe ns/ fJfsjk;e nfXn?B ftukb/ fBy/Vk ehsk. T[jB/ fejkl
g{optkd nB[;ko, w/o/ noEK #u eJh uh}K B/, w/o/ f]nkb ftu fJj ;ko/ nzso nkFfos B/. fijVk th g{op gVQkT[Idk, T[jd/ pko/ fbydk ns/ y'i eodk j? ns/ fJj th bkr{ j[zd? fe T[j ftnesh, wkBt-ftfrnkBh, ;wki-ftfrnkBh, fJfsjk;eko iK GkFk-ftfrnkBh j?. Gkt/I fe yk; iK ;XkoD gZy s'I, T[j g{optkdh j? ns/ T[j eh eodk iK eodh j? g{optkdHHHHH. nekdfwe gozgok Bkb ;zpzfXs j[zfdnKHHH fJj
g{optkd d/ f}nkdk ;kXkoD noE jB. @g{op#
orient (f}nkdkso) ns/
gZSw$occident ftubk sZs whwK;e iK frnkB w{be nzso g{optkd d/ ftukoK dh F?bh #s/ nkXkfos j?HHHHH ns/ g{optkd dk shik noEHHHHH fJBQK d'jK s'I fJbktk nfijk e[M j? i' fe f}nkdk fJfsjk;e ns/ gdkoEe o{g ftu gqGkfFs j?. pV/ nkw o{g ftu gfoGkfFs i/ fe n;hI nmkothI ;dh d/ nzs ~ bJhJ/ i' fe g{optkd dk nkozG fpzd{ j?, sK fJe g{op Bkb tosdh (;w{je ;z;Ek ti'I) fJ; dk ftFb/FD ns/ fJ;~ ftukfonk ik ;edk j?. i' fe g{op Bkb tosd/ j'fJnK fJ; pko/ fNZgDhnK eo foj?, fJ; pko/ ftuko gqrN eo foj?, fJ;dh ftnkfynk eo foj?, fJ; pko/ gVQk foj?, fJ;~ ;Ekfgs eo foj?, fJ; s/ Fk;B eo foj? L ;zy/g #u g{optkd, g{op T[`s/ u"Xo dh, fJ; dh g[Bo ;zouBk dh ns/ fJ; T[`s/ nfXeko dh fJe gZSwh F?bh j?.
(;Jhd gzBk 2-3)
g{optkd pko/ shih ;wM Bkb ;Jhd dk f}nkdk tk;sk fojk j? ns/ fJj gou/ nXhB w/oh fdqFNh th g{optkd d/ fJ;/ GktBk #s/ e/Ifdqs oj/rh. g{optkd dh fJj GktBk gfog/ytkd d/ nkXkfos ;fGnkuko ftfGzBsktK ftu }o{oh s"o #s/ fJ; ftFtk; dh g{otwB"s ikgdh j?. fe;/ th fdqFNh fpzd{ dh xVs ftu eJh soQK d/ gqGkt ekoiFhb j[zd/ jB ns/ g{optkd sK wkBth ;zpzXK ~ d/yD dk fJj sohek j? fi; dh gq/oBk fgZS/ th eJh FeshnK ekoiFhb jB. ;fGnkukoe fGzBsk$tZyosk
(otherness) d/ f;XKs dh pDs ftu brdk j? BhsF/ dhnK fbysK dk ;Jhd dh wkBf;esk #s/ ek\h |fjok gqGkt fgnk. ;Zu
(truth) dh fe;/ nfBtkoh ;zebgkswesk ftu BhsF/ B/ ;G s'I gfjbK tZv/
@T# Bkb i[V/ ftFtk; ~ s'fVnk. T[;B/ ;ko/ gkorkwh doFB ~ Xkofwesk dh d/F ti'I d/fynk ns/ fJj d/D ~ jh nzs ~ GowK dh sbkF fejk frnk. T[;B/ frnkB d/ T[`dw gfjb s/ gqG[;Zsk d'tK ~ sfenk ns/ sd ;Zu, ns/ @frnkB# dh T[j ;wM g?dk j'Jh fi; d/ gq;zr fJj d't/I FpdK dk gq:'r pVQk wjZstg{oD j?. fJBQK FpdK bJh e'Jh tkX{ gq;zre nfBtkoh noE BjhI. T[j fbydk j? l
pj[s ;ko/ dkoFfBeK dh u/szB ;'u T[;dhnK B?;ofre gqftoshnK d/ fBFfus okjK gqfs fBod/Fs j'D bJh wip{o j[zdh j?. ;ko/ soeK fgZS/ th ns/ fJ;dh fdydh gqG[;Zsk ftu th f;ZfXnK noEK ftu G"fse wzrK dk ftFb/FD fgnk j[zdk j? i' fe ihtK dh ]k; goikshnK d/ ;KGD bJh jz[dk j?.
(BGE-3)
;ko/ nyzv ;zebgK ~ Gow ti'I sZid/ j'J/ BhsF/ T[; gfog/yh fdqF #s/ gj[zudk j? fijVk d'B' Fkpfde s"o #s/ th, o{geh gZXo s/ th iFB d/ Bkb Bkb ;z;koe$d/je e/Idohnsk #s/ nkXkfos j?. sEkefEs iZs-;Zs tkd dh gko d[BhnkthI
(other worldy)
gj[zu i' d/j ns/ ;oho ~ sZidh j?, gqfs gqfsfeqnk ti'I T[j fJzdqhnkth nB[GtK dh |?o gkorkwsk ns/ tZyo/gB T[`s/ nkgDk fXnkB e/Ifdqs eodk j?. d/j d/ fJ; nB[Gt ftu i' fe pj[s
bkr/ j?, uzrh f;js ns/ szdo[;sh ~ bKG/ BjhI oZfynk ik ;edk. T[; dh gb?N'fBe ekoDK dh nkb'uBk gb?N' d/ fJzdqhnkth nB[GtK d/ frnkB d/ ;Zu
(truth) s/ ;Zs (renlity) d/ gqGkthgB #u'I g?dk j'Jh Fzek d/ BekoD #s/ nkXkfos j?. ;kvh d/j ;k~ yk; gq;zrK ftu ;fEs eodh j? ns/ ;kv/ frod c?bhnK ;ZukJhnK dk frnkB T[; ;fEshrssk dk T[sgkdB j?. d/j ~ Bhu ;wMD tkfbnK gqfs BhsF/ ioE{;No okjhI ;zp'fXs j[zdk j?l
s[jkv/ ftukoK ns/ GktBK fgZS/, w/o/ ;kEhU, FeshFkbh BkfJe yVQk j?, i' nBikfDnk ;zs j?, T[j j? ;t?. T[j s[jkvh d/j #u ofjzdk j?, s[jkvk ;oho j?.
s[jkv/ T[`sw frnkB s'I fpBK s[jkvh d/j ftu e'Jh j'o ekoD j? e"D ikDdk j?< fJj th e"D ikDdk j? fe fe; bJh s[jkvh d/j ~ fB;fus o{g ftu T[`sw-frnkB dh b'V j?<
s[jkvk ;t? wofwNDk ukj[zdk j? ns/ fJ; bJh s[;h d/j ~ Bhu wzBD bZr gJ/ j'. j[D s'I gfjbK edh s[;hI nkgD/ ;t? s'I gko ~ f;oi ;e/ j'.
fJ;/ eoe/ s[;h j[D ihtB s/ Xosh Bkb r[Z;/ j'. (TZ,
62)
f;o\ d[Bhnk ~ BekoD tkb/ jh ;oho ~ Bhu ns/ fJ;dh gqwkfDesk #s/ FZe eod/ jB.
Geneology of Morals ftu iZs ;Zs d/ nkdoFK, fit/I rohph, fBowkDsk, F[ZXsk$gftsZosk pko/ bzwh r'FNh j?. BhsF/ ;'udk j? fe ;ko/ r[D d/j s/ ihtB ~ sZiD wro'I g?dk j'D tkb/ r[BkjK #u'I fte;s j'J/ B/. fJe ish ;sh pko/ BhsF/ rZbK eofdnK efjzdk j?l
iZs ;Zs tkb/ ihtB ~ j'o j'Id s/ ihtB ftukb/ g[Zb tKr fbnk iKdk j?. ish ;sh ihtB ~ fJe r'oyXzdk wzBdk j?. fJ; r'oyXzd/ ftu fgSKj T[`E'I T[; gk;/ se tZb ubDk g?Idk j? fiE'I T[j uZfbnk ;h. fe;/ is ;sh bJh ihtB ;t? fto'Xh j?. n;zs[FN goftosh ns/ fJZSk dk fto'X ihtB d/ fe;/ fJe sZs dk wkfbe BjhI j[zdk pbfe g{oB ihtB ukj[zdk j?. ihtB dh v{zxh, FeshFkbh, |fjB nzdo{Bh jkbs ftu fJj fJe Fesh d/ ;o'sK ~ pzBQD bJh Fesh d/ gq:'r dk gq:sB j?. fJE/ Jhoykb{ nZyK
(Green eyes of Jealousy
(Monster)) th G"fse j'Id d/ fto'X j' fBpVdhnK jB.
(GM-11)
feT[Ife BhsF/ bJh e'Jh gkorkwh ;ZukJh BjhI. frnkB ns/ ehwsK fe;/ dh d[BhnK ftubh ;fEseoDsk #u'I g?dk j[zdhnK B/ ns/ fJj d[BhnK d/ d't/I G"fse ns/ o{geh Gkt ftu j?. T[; bJh e'Jh ykb; frnkB BjhI j? fe nfJfsjk;e eh j?.
Geneology of Morals ftu T[j ;gFN s"o #s/ efjzdk j? fe ikBD d/, d/yD d/ f;o\ nkgD/
gfog/y
j[zd/ jB. BhsF/ nkgD/
gfog/ytkd okjhI ;Jhd d/ g{optkd ~ BhIj gqdkB eodk j?....
g{optkdh nB[;ko wZs wfj} yk; GKs d/ gfog/ytkd dh w[Vgq'Vsk j[zdk j?.
g{optkd dh GkFk dh fdqFNh s'I ;Jhd nkgDh ;wM pko/ BhsF/ d/ gqGkt ~ ;thekodk j? fe BhsF/ bJh Fpd ftu wkBth ;zpzXK d[nkb/ gJ/ eJh gqeko d/ wkBt-o{gtkd
(anthropomorphisims) Fkfwb j[zd/ jB i' T[jBK ~ f;ofis eod/ jB. ;' g{optkd Fpd @n;b g{optkd# ~ BjhI pbfe Fpd d/ pkjoh gk;koK ~ gq;zr pDkT[Idk j?. ;Jhd bJh
g{op T[j ;Zs j? fijdhnK eJh gosK jB. fJj gosK gZSwtkdhnK
(occidentals) tb'I d/y/ g{oph ufoZso ~ skBkFkjh, fJzdqhne, tfjwh Gowh, fgSKjfyZu{ nkfd doFKdhnK jB. fJ; soQK id'I gZSwtkdh g{optkd Fpd dk gq:'r eod/ jB sK T[BQK dk fJ; gqfs
e[dosh tshok BjhI j[zdk feT[Ife GkFk pko/ edh th nfJfsjk;e ns/ pqfjwzve ;wM BjhI j' ;edh. BshiB ;ko/ nzso ftnesh
ftjko$b?Dd/D noEK d/ T[BQK nzsoGktBK s'I gqGkfts j[zd/ jB i' fe b'eK tZb'I fJe yk; fJfsjk;e :[Zr ftu fdZshnK rJhnK
j[zdhnK
jB.
ihtB d/ o{gK d/ gqGkt Bkb fe;/ bJh th (ftNiB;NkJhB d/ nB[;ko) ;kv/ GkFk ns/ Fesh d/ ;zpzXK fjZs bVBk efmB j? feT[Ife fJj fJBQK ihtB gqekoK dk nfByVtK nzr jB gozs{ ;k~ fJj sZE dh gfjukD }o{oh j? fe GkFk GkFkjkohnK s'I GkFk dh ;kiFK dh wzr eodh j? i' fe fJ; dk gq:'r eod/ jB. d{i/ FpdK ftu fJe wZs ti'I g{optkd dk gqubB ekb$d"o dk ekoD gZSwhnK ns/ sEkefEs g{optkdhnK dh nkgDh ;kf}F ekoD j?. fJ; s'I nrKj th g{oph$gZSwh fto'X ftu fJe ;KM j?. g{ophnK ns/ gZSwhnK d/ G{fwek ftu fJe ;KMk r[D
@otherness# dk j?. i/eo gZSwtkdh g{optkdhnK B/ fgSKj
fyZu{, tfjwh Gowh ns/ skBkFkj wzBd/ jB sK g{optkdh th gZSwtkdh ~ ftFJh$ekwh$ftGukoh, nXkofwe ns/ gdkoEtkdh fejk iKdk j?. ;Jhd th gZSw gqfs nkgDh ufoZsokswesk th fJ; okjhI T[jdh d[tZbsk dh fFeko j?. n;b ftu sZE fJj j? fe Bk sK g{op s/ Bk jh gZSw fJe ;o{g jB. d't/I jh wkBth pokdohnK dk ;z:'r B/ fizBQK dhnK
eJh wB'ftfrnkBe gosK B/ ns/ fijVh gos id'I th T[skoh iKdh j? T[j T[;/ gqeko d/ ftFtk;, fttjko, fJZSktK, nk;K s/ vo ~ T[xkVdh j?.
