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The Prize amount: SEK 9 million. Zh.I. Alferov and H. Kroemer are to share one half and J.S. Kilby is awarded the other half. Further
Reading Crystal Fire by Michael Riordan and Lillian Hoddeson, W.W. Norton & Company, New York and London 1997 (particularly Ch. 12). Quantum Technology by Gerard Milburn, Allen & Unwin 1996 (particularly Ch. 4). The History and Future of Semiconductor Heterostructures from the Point of View of a Russian Scientist by Zh. I. Alferov, Physica Scripta, vol. T68, p. 32, 1996. Band Offsets and Chemical Bonding: The Basis for Heterostructure Applications by H. Kroemer, Physica Scripta, vol. T68, p. 10, 1996. Materials for Information and Communication by J.S. Mayo, Scientific American, October 1986, p. 50. Electronic and Magnetic Materials by P. Chaudhari, Scientific American, October 1986, p. 114. The Chip. T.R. Reid, Simon & Shuster, New York 1984. The genesis of the integrated circuit by M.F. Wolff, IEEE Spectrum, vol. 13, no. 8, August 1976, p. 45. Invention of the Integrated Circuit by J.S. Kilby, IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices, vol. ED-23, no. 7, July 1976, p. 648. Advanced information on the Nobel Prize in Physics 2000, The Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences, Internet: http://www.nobel.se/announcement/2000 Zhores I. Alferov born 1930 in Vitebsk, White Russia, then the Soviet Union. Doctor's degree in physics and mathematics 1970 at A.F. Ioffe Physico-Technical Institute in St. Petersburg (then Leningrad), Russia. Director of this Institute since 1987. Professor
Zhores I. Alferov Herbert Kroemer born 1928 in Germany. Doctor's degree in physics 1952 at University of Göttingen. Employed at, among other places, RCA Laboratories, Princeton, NJ, USA 1954-57 and at Varian Associates, Palo Alto, CA, USA, 1959-66. Professor of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, 1968-76 and subsequently University of California at Santa Barbara, USA. Professor
Herbert Kroemer Jack S. Kilby born 1923 at Jefferson City, Missouri, USA. Employed at Texas Instruments since 1958. Professor at Texas A&M University 1978-85 Dr
Jack S. Kilby
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